A case of classical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, was confirmed on a farm in Ayrshire.
The Scottish government said that precautionary movement restrictions have been put in place at impacted premises, covering animals which have been in contact with the case.
The disease was identified as a result of routine surveillance and the animal affected did not enter the human food chain.
Further investigations to find the origin of the disease are ongoing.
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Food Standards Scotland confirmed there is no risk to human health from the “isolated case,” which they added is being probed by the Animal Plant and Health Agency (APHA).
Scotland’s agriculture minister Jim Fairlie also said: “The fact we identified this isolated case so quickly is proof that our surveillance system for detecting this type of disease is working effectively.”