Title 42 is a law that enables the US to halt entries into the country to stop the introduction of communicable diseases.
It was enacted in the Trump era to prevent the spread of COVID, allowing authorities to quickly deport migrants to Mexico or back to their countries of origin.
Since the introduction of Title 42, it’s been used to remove migrants more than two million times.
It’s expiring because the COVID public health emergency is coming to an end – as the pandemic recedes, so does the need for Title 42.
It ends at midnight on Thursday into Friday, US eastern time.
No one’s quite sure what will happen come the midnight hour, but what is clear is that there has been a big rise in numbers crossing the border as the time approaches.
Officials say those crossing the border number more than 10,000 a day and rising.
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Border Patrol stations and holding facilities are stretched beyond capacity and agencies dealing with migrants’ interests talk of a “humanitarian crisis”.
Cities like El Paso on the Texas border with Mexico have declared a state of emergency as they struggle to cope with the numbers.
The Biden administration is sending 1,500 active-duty troops to join 2,500 National Guard personnel at the border to help manage the situation.
Fears that it will become more difficult to get into the United States have prompted many to make the journey before Thursday and the end of Title 42.
But there are also concerns from some that when the law changes, there will be a surge in people trying to enter the US after the switch.
Either way, the border remains under pressure and a live issue in American politics.
New rules criticised
As Title 42 ends, migrants will face new restrictions on entry.
They won’t be allowed in if they arrive at the border without first applying online, or seeking asylum in a country they passed through to reach the United States.
Anyone caught crossing the border illegally won’t be allowed to return to the US for five years and, if they do, they face criminal prosecution.
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Human rights groups have criticised the new rules, saying they wrongly assume safety for migrants in countries outside the United States, and the efficiency of an online application system that has proved unworkable for the vast majority.
The restrictions are being introduced in tandem with other measures to encourage migrants to enter the US legally.
This includes plans to set up US immigration centres in different countries as well as an expansion of “humanitarian parole” for 30,000 people per month from Haiti, Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua.
Under the scheme, they can stay and work in the United States for two years, with the support of a sponsor.
